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高中英语备考:英语中反义疑问句的用法

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  1.当陈述部分的主语是I,而句子又用来征询对方的意见时,附加疑问句中的主语用you。如:
  I find English very interesting, don’t you?
  I don’t like that film, do you?
  2.当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成代词时,附加疑问句中的主语通常用they。但亦可用he,尤其是nobody, no one等作主语,具有否定概念时。如:
  Somebody phoned while I was out, didn’t they?
  Everyone enjoyed the party, didn’t they?
  Nobody wants to go there, does he?
  3.当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything, nothing, anything, something时,附加 疑问句中的主语一般用it,不用they。如:
  Everything seems all right now, doesn’t it?
  Nothing is kept in good order, is it?
  Something must be done to stop pollution, isn’t it?
  4.当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that或these, those时,附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和they。如:
  This is important, isn’t it?
  That isn’t correct, is it?
  These are your friends Tom and Jack, aren’t they?
  5.如果陈述部分是以代词one作主语,附加疑问句中的主语在正式场合用one,非正式场合用you,在美国英语中,在非正式场合还可以用he。如:
  One can’t be too careful, can one?或can you?
  One should do his duty, shouldn’t he?
  6.如果陈述部分用I’m…结构,附加疑问部分一般用aren’t I。如:
  I am strong and healthy aren’t I。
  7.当陈述句为there be结构时,附加疑问句中的主语也用there。如:
  There’s no help for it, is there?
  There’s something wrong, isn’t there?
  8.陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little,nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时,附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如:
  Bob rarely got drunk, did he?
  Few people know him, do they?
  She seldom goes to the cinema, does she?
  如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀,那么,该陈述部分作肯定处理,附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式。如:
  He was unsuccessful, wasn’t he?
  Tom dislikes the book, doesn’t he?
  9.当陈述部分为主从复合句时,附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。如:
  She says that I did it, doesn’t she?
  I told them not everybody could do it ,didn’t I?
  但当陈述部分的主语是I,谓语是think, believe, suppose, expect这类动词时,附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意否定的转移。
  I suppose that he’s serious isn’t he?
  I don’t think she cares, does she?
  10.当陈述部分是并列句,附加疑问句则需和就近的分句的主语和谓语一致。如:
  Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldn’t he?
  11.在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中,附加疑问部分一般用will you, won’t you, would you,有时也可用can you, can’t you, why don’t you, could you等。如:
  Don’t open the door, will you?
  Give me some cigarettes, can you?
  Take a rest, why don’t you?
  但是,以let’s开头的祈使句,附加疑问部分用shall we;以let us开头的祈使句,如果含义是allow us,不包括听话人在内,疑问部分用will you。如:
  Let’s have a basketball match this afternoon, shall we?
  Let us go out for a rest, will you?
  12.当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时,疑问部分用mustn’t。如:
  You must work hard next term, mustn’t you?
  I must answer the letter, mustn’t I?
  但若表推测这层含义时,不能用must,而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构(即must之后的动词)以及含义采用相应的动词形式。如:
  You must have made a mistake, haven’t you?
  They must have seen the film last week, didn’t they?
  He must be in the library, isn’t he?
  13.当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时,疑问部分可用usedn’t或didn’t。如:
  The old man used to smoke, didn’t he?或usedn’t he?
  Tom used to live here, usedn’t he?或didn’t he?
  14. 当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时,疑问部分用oughtn’t或shouldn’t。如:
  He ought to know the answer, oughtn’t he?
  We ought to read this book, oughtn’t we?或shouldn’t we?
  15.当陈述部分含有had better时,疑问部分用had。
  如:You’d better finish your homework now, hadn’t you?
  16.感叹句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时,且常用否定形式。如:
  What a clever boy, isn’t he?
  What a lovely day, isn’t it?
  17.陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时,疑问部分的主语通常用it。如:
  Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesn’t it?
  Between six and seven will suit you, won’t it?
  Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?
  18.在口语和非正式文体中,为了加强语气,只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答,这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如:
  Oh, he is a writer, is he?
  You’ll not go, won’t you?
  19.陈述句中的谓语动词是wish,表示愿望时用may,且用肯定形式。如:
  I wish to have a chance to learn English, may I?
  20.当陈述部分带有表示“所有”含义的动词have(has)时,疑问部分既可用have形式,也可用do形式。如:
  You have a new bike, haven’t you(或don’t you)?
  She doesn’t have any money in her pocket, does she?

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